Analysis

Cases and analysis

Case-based readings that examine concrete situations, their risks and their technical and legal consequences. These are not introductory textbook chapters.

Readings

Start with a practical question

Each reading explores one question or scenario. For the foundational concepts, consult the Knowledge chapters.

Illustration accompanying the article Risk Is Not a Vulnerability
Cybersecurity and risk

Risk Is Not a Vulnerability

Why a technical weakness and a business risk are not the same.

Illustration accompanying the article Public Wi-Fi: What Is the Actual Risk?
Cybersecurity and risk

Public Wi-Fi: What Is the Actual Risk?

Separating myths, current threats and reasonable precautions while travelling.

Illustration accompanying the article An Urgent Message Does Not Prove Who Sent It
Cybersecurity and risk

An Urgent Message Does Not Prove Who Sent It

Deception may begin on a genuine channel and end in a rushed decision.

Illustration accompanying the article Multifactor Authentication: Scope and Limits
Identity, fraud and digital life

Multifactor Authentication: Scope and Limits

MFA reduces risk but does not eliminate stolen sessions, weak recovery or deception.

Illustration accompanying the article A Familiar Account Making an Unexpected Request
Identity, fraud and digital life

A Familiar Account Making an Unexpected Request

Distinguishing apparent identity, control of an account and authorization for a request.

Illustration accompanying the article Account Recovery May Be the Weakest Link
Identity, fraud and digital life

Account Recovery May Be the Weakest Link

The security of access also depends on how it is restored when something goes wrong.

Illustration accompanying the article Hash, Screenshot and Context
Digital evidence and investigations

Hash, Screenshot and Context

What each item can establish, and what questions remain unresolved.

Illustration accompanying the article Cloud Evidence: Preserving Data Without a Physical Drive
Digital evidence and investigations

Cloud Evidence: Preserving Data Without a Physical Drive

How evidence changes when it depends on logs, APIs and providers.

Illustration accompanying the article A Conversation Screenshot Is Not the Whole Conversation
Digital evidence and investigations

A Conversation Screenshot Is Not the Whole Conversation

Context, integrity and provenance before assessing digital messages.

Illustration accompanying the article Digital Medical Records: Data Extend Beyond the Screen
Privacy and digital rights

Digital Medical Records: Data Extend Beyond the Screen

Access, logs, providers, copies and responsibilities surrounding sensitive information.

Illustration accompanying the article Online Reputation and Search Results: Identify the Problem First
Privacy and digital rights

Online Reputation and Search Results: Identify the Problem First

Not every unwanted search result calls for the same solution: source, search engine and platform are different layers.

Illustration accompanying the article My Personal Information Has Been Published: What Should I Check First?
Privacy and digital rights

My Personal Information Has Been Published: What Should I Check First?

An accidental exposure calls for a different response from legitimate publication or fraud.

Illustration accompanying the article Zero Trust: Architectural Principles and Limits
Architecture and systems security

Zero Trust: Architectural Principles and Limits

What it means in practice to reduce implicit trust.

Illustration accompanying the article A Private File That Becomes Public in the Cloud
Architecture and systems security

A Private File That Becomes Public in the Cloud

Resource settings and divided responsibilities matter more than the cloud label.

Illustration accompanying the article A Vulnerable Dependency Does Not, by Itself, Determine the Risk
Architecture and systems security

A Vulnerable Dependency Does Not, by Itself, Determine the Risk

Moving from a security advisory to a decision that considers exposure, context and consequences.

Illustration accompanying the article Shadow AI: When Tools Arrive Before Governance
Artificial intelligence and governance

Shadow AI: When Tools Arrive Before Governance

What happens when teams use AI without inventories, data rules or controls.

Illustration accompanying the article AI Governance: Risks, Controls and Accountability
Artificial intelligence and governance

AI Governance: Risks, Controls and Accountability

Inventory, use case, data, risk, controls and human oversight.

Illustration accompanying the article Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Decisions, Data and Responsibilities
Artificial intelligence and governance

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Decisions, Data and Responsibilities

Automated recommendations can influence care even when a professional makes the final decision; that influence creates technical, clinical and legal questions.

Illustration accompanying the article Ransomware: Why Backups Are Not Recovery
Resilience and continuity

Ransomware: Why Backups Are Not Recovery

Copying data is only one part of returning to operations.

Illustration accompanying the article When a Supplier Goes Down, Your Service Stops
Resilience and continuity

When a Supplier Goes Down, Your Service Stops

Continuity depends on relationships that may be absent from an organizational chart.

Illustration accompanying the article Restoring Too Quickly Can Reintroduce the Incident
Resilience and continuity

Restoring Too Quickly Can Reintroduce the Incident

Post-incident recovery requires deciding which system state can be trusted.

Illustration accompanying the article A Digital Procedure Is More Than a Website
Law, technology and society

A Digital Procedure Is More Than a Website

Digital forms do not guarantee an understandable or traceable procedure.

Illustration accompanying the article A Digital Notification Does Not Guarantee Awareness
Law, technology and society

A Digital Notification Does Not Guarantee Awareness

Technical delivery, actual access and legal effects are distinct questions.

Illustration accompanying the article Signing with One Click Does Not Prove What Was Accepted
Law, technology and society

Signing with One Click Does Not Prove What Was Accepted

Identifying the signer, preserving the document and proving consent are separate issues.

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